PAHO Jamaica urges continuous vigilance to mark World Leprosy Day

WORLD LEPROSY Day is observed on the last Sunday of January every year. This year it was marked on January 26, and recognised by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to honour the resilience of individuals who have experienced leprosy, raise awareness about the disease, and advocate against stigma and discrimination.

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a bacterium transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth. It is not spread through casual contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, or sharing meals. Unfortunately, misconceptions about its transmission have historically fuelled stigma, creating barriers to timely diagnosis and treatment.

The disease affects the skin, eyes, peripheral nerves, and upper respiratory tract. Early signs include numb skin patches, muscle weakness, and poor eyesight. If left untreated, leprosy can result in long-term disabilities and deformities. However, when diagnosed and treated early, leprosy is entirely curable, a testament to the progress made in medical research and public health interventions.

Once a feared disease claiming countless lives, leprosy has largely faded from public awareness due to these advancements. Yet it remains a global health concern and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease. Despite the strides made, leprosy persists in over 120 countries, with more than 200,000 new cases reported annually.

In 2005, the WHO declared leprosy ‘eliminated as a public health problem’ globally, meaning that the disease occurred at a rate of fewer than one case per 10,000 people at the national level. However, this does not mean the disease has been completely eliminated. New cases still emerge in vulnerable communities worldwide, highlighting the ongoing need for vigilance and sustained efforts to prevent its resurgence.

Jamaica has made significant progress in reducing the incidence of leprosy. According to the Ministry of Health and Wellness, two new leprosy cases were reported in 2023, with no cases among children. These achievements highlight the success of targeted public health programmes and the dedication of healthcare professionals. PAHO/WHO supports Member States in achieving these goals by facilitating the provision of multidrug therapy for leprosy treatment free of cost and providing technical guidance.

This year’s World Leprosy Day theme, ‘Unite. Act. Eliminate’, is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of increasing efforts that will enable Jamaica to eliminate transmission of the disease and reduce the number of new cases to zero.

The Pan American Health Organization works with the countries of the Americas to improve the health and quality of life of its population. Founded in 1902, it is the world’s oldest international public health agency. It serves as the regional office of WHO for the Americas and is the specialised health agency of the Inter-American system.