Tech entrepreneurs seeking the next AI frontier are pivoting from chatbots to 'world models' 

Computer scientist Louis Castricato was in his eighth year studying large-language models (LLM) — the artificial intelligence technology behind chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude — when he started to feel like he was hitting a dead end.

"We basically have passed the point of doing real fundamental LLM research," Castricato said. "Now it's just applications."