Jamaica declares leptospirosis outbreak with 6 deaths reported

Jamaica is grappling with an outbreak of leptospirosis in the aftermath of Hurricane Melissa, Health Minister Dr. Christopher Tufton confirmed Friday. The outbreak has resulted in six suspected deaths and several confirmed and probable cases across multiple parishes.

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During a press briefing, Dr. Tufton reported that nine cases of the disease have been confirmed, with an additional 28 suspected or probable cases recorded between October 30 and November 20. He noted that the reported deaths are among the suspected cases. “This outbreak represents significantly more cases than the two to 21 cases observed in the preceding 34 months,” the minister said.

The health minister attributed the outbreak to conditions created by Hurricane Melissa, which caused widespread flooding and heavy rainfall, increasing the risk of exposure to contaminated water and soil. “The outbreak follows the passage of Hurricane Melissa which has created conditions that have increased the risk of exposure to contaminated water and soil,” Dr. Tufton stated.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can be transmitted to humans through contact with water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, including rats, cats, dogs, and livestock. People can become infected through cuts or abrasions in the skin or via mucous membranes such as the eyes, nose, or mouth. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications, including kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, respiratory distress, and even death.

The disease is particularly likely to spread following hurricanes, floods, or other natural disasters because heavy rainfall can wash bacteria into waterways, puddles, and soil that people may come into contact with during clean-up or rescue efforts. Dr. Tufton emphasized that post-disaster conditions—stagnant water, debris, and increased human exposure—make leptospirosis a heightened public health threat.

Cases or suspected cases have been reported across eight parishes: St. Ann, St. Mary, St. James, Hanover, Westmoreland, St. Elizabeth, St. Catherine, and Trelawny. Dr. Tufton warned that all residents in affected areas, particularly those involved in hurricane clean-up, should take precautions. “Persons should exercise extreme caution by wearing the proper protective gear, including boots, gloves, and other equipment to reduce the risk of infection,” he said.

The Ministry of Health and Wellness continues to monitor the situation closely and urges anyone experiencing symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, or jaundice to seek medical attention immediately. Public health teams are also advising communities to avoid contact with floodwaters when possible, disinfect contaminated surfaces, and ensure safe handling of potentially infected animals.

Officials say that prompt medical care and preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of severe illness or death from leptospirosis. Residents are urged to remain vigilant as authorities continue efforts to contain the outbreak while communities recover from the hurricane’s impact.