PAHO reports Oropouche fever in Guyana and Cuba amid regional surge

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has reported a resurgence of Oropouche fever in the Caribbean, with confirmed cases in Guyana and Cuba, as the viral disease continues to spread across the Americas. As of July 27, 2025, PAHO recorded 12,786 confirmed cases in 11 countries, including seven with local transmission and four with imported cases.

In the Caribbean, Cuba has reported 28 cases, while Guyana has recorded one case. Both countries are experiencing the effects of a virus primarily transmitted by the Culicoides paraensis midge. Although the number of cases in these islands is lower than in South American nations, health officials are urging vigilance due to the virus’s ability to spread rapidly in urban and semi-urban areas.

Brazil continues to bear the heaviest burden, with 11,888 cases across 20 states, including Espírito Santo (6,322 cases) and Rio de Janeiro (2,497). The country has reported five deaths, alongside cases of neurological complications and fetal deaths that are under investigation. Panama (501 cases) and Peru (330) have also experienced significant outbreaks, while Colombia (26) and Venezuela (5) reported fewer cases. Imported infections have been documented in Uruguay (3), Chile (2), Canada (1), and the United States (1).

Oropouche fever typically presents with high fever, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain. Most patients recover within two to three weeks, although up to 60% may experience relapses. In rare cases, the infection can cause meningitis or encephalitis, and pregnant women may face fetal risks.

PAHO emphasizes the urgent need for stronger epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and regional cooperation. Recommended measures include eliminating midge breeding sites, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, using protective clothing and repellents, and strengthening early clinical diagnosis — especially to differentiate Oropouche fever from dengue and other arboviruses.

The organization is also urging national authorities to report unusual events, including deaths or cases of vertical transmission, and is providing technical guidance on diagnosis, clinical management, and vector control. With climate change, urbanization, and deforestation increasing midge populations, PAHO warns that proactive measures are critical to prevent further spread in the Caribbean and beyond.